如果仅查询某年的某些具体学历：

select count(1) pfEducation, sum(if(pf_education='学历值1',1,0)) pfEducation1 , sum(if(pf_education='学历值2',1,0)) pfEducation2 ,DATE_FORMAT(createtime,'%Y') createtime_Y from 表
GROUP BY DATE_FORMAT(createtime,'%Y')
order by createtime desc

如果查询的学历不固定具体学历：

select a.年度,a.本科人数,b.大专人数 from

(select createtime as '年度',count(pf_education) as '本科人数' from EmployeeInfo with(nolock) where pf_education = '本科' group by createtime,pf_education) as a

inner join

(select createtime as '年度',count(pf_education) as '大专人数' from EmployeeInfo with(nolock) where pf_education = '大专' group by createtime,pf_education) as b

on a.年度 = b.年度

order by a.年度

用这个试试

select
edu_year ,sum(t1) '大专',sum(t2) '本科'
from (
SELECT
DATE_FORMAT(t.createtime, '%Y') edu_year,
CASE WHEN t.pf_education ='大专' THEN count(t.id)
ELSE 0 END as t1 ,
CASE WHEN t.pf_education ='本科' THEN count(t.id)
ELSE 0 END as t2
FROM
表 t
GROUP BY
DATE_FORMAT(t.createtime, '%Y'),
t.pf_education ) tmp
GROUP BY edu_year