如果是 ubuntu 20.04，使用下面的命令添加源

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/microsoft.asc
sudo add-apt-repository "$(wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/mssql-server-2022.list)"

如果是 ubuntu 22.04，使用下面的命令添加源

curl -fsSL https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/microsoft-prod.gpg
curl -fsSL https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-preview.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-server-preview.list

来自微软官方帮助文档

更新源后有无sudo apt-get update

https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sql/linux/quickstart-install-connect-ubuntu?view=sql-server-ver16&tabs=ubuntu2004#install