终于定位到问题的原因了，与 nz-tree-view 无关，是下面的 directive 造成了 nz-tree-view 被重新加载

@Directive({
    selector: '[cnbLayoutSidebar]'
})
export class LayoutSidebarDirective implements OnInit {

    constructor(
        router: Router,
        private _sideBarSvc: SideBarService,
        private sideBar: TemplateRef<any>) {
        router.events
            .pipe(
                filter(ev => ev instanceof NavigationEnd),
                debounceTime(100),
                takeUntilDestroyed()
            )
            .subscribe(() => {
                this.updateSidebar();
            });
    }

    ngOnInit() {
        this.updateSidebar();
    }

    updateSidebar() {
        if (this.sideBar) {
            this._sideBarSvc.$sideBar.next(this.sideBar);
        }
    }
}