参考 Fix Java was Started but Returned Exit Code=13 in Eclipse 

"java 8 java was started but returned exit code=13"可能是以下原因引起的：

Reason 1: The most common reason behind this problem is, we are trying to install different bit version-that is, 64 bit or 32 bit version of the software. It maybe either Eclipse or Java.

Reason 2: Configuration mistake in Eclipse.ini file

Reason 3: Special characters ( #, !, @) in Eclipse installation directory

Reason 4: You maybe using latest version of Eclipse, but you might be using wrong version or unsupported version of Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

文中针对每一种原因提供了解决方法。