create table #Instrument(InstrumentCode varchar(20),Orderln int)
insert into #Instrument(InstrumentCode,Orderln)
select '03',1
union all
select '0301',1
union all
select '0302',3
union all
select '0303',4
union all
select '030102',1
union all
select '030101',2
union all
select '030202',1
union all
select '030201',2
union all
select '030203',3
union all
select '030301',1
union all
select '030302',2
union all
select '03010102',1
union all
select '03010101',2
union all
select '03010103',3
union all
select '03010104',4
union all
select '03010201',1
union all
select '03010202',2
union all
select '03010203',3
union all
select '03020101',1
union all
select '03020102',2
union all
select '03020202',1
union all
select '03020201',2
union all
select '03020301',1
union all
select '03020302',2
union all
select '03020303',3

create table #temp(InstrumentCode varchar(20),OrderId bigint)

;with w as
(select a.InstrumentCode,Parent=a1.InstrumentCode
 ,leve=1,ParentOrder=a1.Orderln
 from #Instrument as a 
 inner join #Instrument as a1 
 on left(a.InstrumentCode,len(a.InstrumentCode)-2)=a1.InstrumentCode
 union all 
 select w.InstrumentCode,b.InstrumentCode,leve=w.leve+1
 ,b.Orderln
 from w 
 inner join #Instrument as b 
 on left(w.InstrumentCode,len(w.InstrumentCode)-(w.leve+1)*2)=b.InstrumentCode
 where len(w.InstrumentCode)>((w.leve+1)*2)
)
,w1 as
(select w2.InstrumentCode
    ,isnull((select dbo.FunPadChar(w.ParentOrder,'L','0',4)
  from w
    WHERE w.InstrumentCode=w2.InstrumentCode
    ORDER BY W.leve DESC
    for xml path('')),'')
    +dbo.FunPadChar(w2.Orderln,'L','0',4) as OrderS
from #Instrument as w2
)
,wR as
(select InstrumentCode,OrderS
 ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(order by OrderS asc) as ln
 from w1
)
insert into #temp(InstrumentCode,OrderId)
select InstrumentCode,ln
from wR 

option(MAXRECURSION 0)

select *
from #temp

drop table #Instrument
drop table #temp