public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1)
        .AddJsonOptions(options => { options.SerializerSettings.DateFormatString = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"; });

    //添加 Cookie 认证信息
    services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
        .AddCookie(options =>
        {
            options.Cookie.Name = "TestCookie";
            options.LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login");
            options.AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Account/Denied");
        });
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
    if (env.IsDevelopment())
    {
        app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    }
    else
    {
        app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
    }
    app.UseStaticFiles();
    app.UseAuthentication();
    app.UseMvc(routes =>
    {
        routes.MapRoute(
            name: "default",
            template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
    });
}

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> LoginAsync([FromBody] dynamic loginInfo)
{
    var userList = new List<dynamic>
    {
            new { LoginId = "1", UserName = "1Name", Password = "2", Role = "admin" },
            new { LoginId = "2", UserName = "2Name", Password = "2", Role = "system" }
    };
    string loginId = loginInfo.LoginId;
    string password = loginInfo.Password;

    var user = userList.FirstOrDefault(s => s.LoginId == loginId && s.Password == password);
    if (user != null)
    {
        //用户标识
        var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
        identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Sid, user.LoginId));
        identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.UserName));
        identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, user.Role));
        await HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,
            new ClaimsPrincipal(identity)
            //, new AuthenticationProperties() { IsPersistent = true } , ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(1) }
            );

        return Json(new { result = "OK" });
    }
    else
    {
        return Json(new { result = "Error" });
    }
}

public class HomeController : Controller
{
    [Authorize]
    public IActionResult Index()
    {
        if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
        {
            string loginId = User.Claims.SingleOrDefault(s => s.Type == ClaimTypes.Sid).Value;
            string name = User.Identity.Name;
        }
        return View();
    }
}