[root@localhost hadoop-2.7.2]# bin/hdfs namenode - format
21/01/19 17:36:12 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = localhost/127.0.0.1
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-, format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 2.7.2
STARTUP_MSG: classpath = /opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/etc/hadoop:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-recipes-2.7.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-client-2.7.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/api-asn1-api-1.0.0-M20.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsch-0.1.42.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-xc-1.9.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/httpclient-4.2.5.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.9.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-auth-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-digester-1.8.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-net-3.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-core-1.8.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/api-util-1.0.0-M20.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/gson-2.2.4.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-collections-3.2.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsp-api-2.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/mockito-all-1.8.5.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-framework-2.7.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-httpclient-3.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-math3-3.1.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/httpcore-4.2.5.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/java-xmlbuilder-0.4.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/apacheds-i18n-2.0.0-M15.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsr305-3.0.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/htrace-core-3.1.0-incubating.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-api-1.7.10.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/apacheds-kerberos-codec-2.0.0-M15.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/stax-api-1.0-2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/junit-4.11.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/jets3t-0.9.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-configuration-1.6.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-nfs-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.2-tests.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xml-apis-1.3.04.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/netty-all-4.0.23.Final.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jsr305-3.0.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-daemon-1.0.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/htrace-core-3.1.0-incubating.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xercesImpl-2.9.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.7.2-tests.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-nfs-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-client-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-xc-1.9.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.9.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-collections-3.2.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jsr305-3.0.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6-tests.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/stax-api-1.0-2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-sharedcachemanager-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-nodemanager-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-registry-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-unmanaged-am-launcher-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-common-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-tests-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-common-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-applicationhistoryservice-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-client-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-distributedshell-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-api-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/junit-4.11.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-app-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.7.2-tests.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-common-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-plugins-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-shuffle-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-2.7.2.jar:/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar
STARTUP_MSG: build = Unknown -r Unknown; compiled by 'root' on 2017-05-22T10:49Z
STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.8.0_144
************************************************************/
21/01/19 17:36:12 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT]
21/01/19 17:36:12 INFO namenode.NameNode: createNameNode [-, format]
Usage: java NameNode [-backup] |
[-checkpoint] |
[-format [-clusterid cid ] [-force] [-nonInteractive] ] |
[-upgrade [-clusterid cid] [-renameReserved<k-v pairs>] ] |
[-upgradeOnly [-clusterid cid] [-renameReserved<k-v pairs>] ] |
[-rollback] |
[-rollingUpgrade <rollback|downgrade|started> ] |
[-finalize] |
[-importCheckpoint] |
[-initializeSharedEdits] |
[-bootstrapStandby] |
[-recover [ -force] ] |
[-metadataVersion ] ]

21/01/19 17:36:12 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at localhost/127.0.0.1
************************************************************/
[root@localhost hadoop-2.7.2]# sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
starting namenode, logging to /opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/logs/hadoop-root-namenode-localhost.localdomain.out
[root@localhost hadoop-2.7.2]# jps
11895 DataNode
12921 Jps
12879 NameNode
[root@localhost hadoop-2.7.2]# jps
11895 DataNode
12941 Jps
以上是我的运行结果，前半部分应该是正常的。
下面是我的配置文件

# 1./etc/hadoop路径下
vim core-site.xml
"""
<!-- 指定 HDFS 中 NameNode 的地址 -->
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://hadoop101:9000</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定 Hadoop 运行时产生文件的存储目录 --> <property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2/data/tmp</value> </property>
"""

# 2./etc/hadoop路径下
vim	hadoop-env.sh
"""
2.1 新建连接查看并拷贝
echo $JAVA_HOME
2.2 修改hadoop-env.sh文件中的JAVA_HOME
export JAVA_HOME = ...
"""

# 3./etc/hadoop路径下
vim	hdfs-site.xml
"""
<!-- 指定 HDFS 副本的数量 --> <property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
   <value>1</value>
</property>
"""