在 SO 上 Enforcing upper case for const under Visual Studio with editoconfig 的回答中找到了解决方法
# Constants are UPPERCASE
dotnet_naming_rule.constants_should_be_upper_case.severity = suggestion
dotnet_naming_rule.constants_should_be_upper_case.symbols = constants
dotnet_naming_rule.constants_should_be_upper_case.style = constant_style
dotnet_naming_symbols.constants.applicable_kinds = field, local
dotnet_naming_symbols.constants.required_modifiers = const
dotnet_naming_style.constant_style.capitalization = all_upper